Detailed solutions for competitive exam for ACIO Grade-II in IB

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Assistant Central Intelligent Officer Grade-II (Exec) in Intelligence Beuro was conducted on 23.09.2012. Detailed solutions for the math and logic related problems are provided here:

1.                  Find the last two digits of : 15*37*63*51*97*17

(i)35     (ii)45    (iii)55   (iv)85

Solution:

Taking two numbers at a time and finding last two digits of their product by criss-cross method.

Last two digits of 15*37=> 7*5=35, take 5 as units digit. 7*1=7 add this to 3 to get 10, consider 0 here and add it to unit digit of 3*5=15 ie., 5 to get 5 as tens digit ===> 55 last two digits

Last two digits of 63*51 ===> 13

Last two digits of 97*17 ===> 49

Now we have come down to three numbers: 55,13,49

Now take 55 and 13 at a time to get the last two digits of their product. The result is : 15

Now we have come down to two numbers: 15,49 and the final result is :35

2.                  A man decides to travel 80 kilometers in 8 hours partly by foot and partly on a bicycle. If his speed on foot is 8 km/hr and on bicycle 16 km/hr, what distance would he travel on foot?

(i)20     (ii)30    (iii)48   (iv)60

Solution:

Let the distance travelled by foot be f and that by bicycle be b => f+b = 80 –--(1)

Time taken for foot ride = f/8, as the speed is given as 8 km/hr

Time taken for bicycle ride = b/16, as the speed is given as 16 km/hr

Total time taken = f/8 + b/16 = 8  –--(2)

Solving (1) and (2), we get f = 48

3.                  Due to 25% increase in the price of rice of rice per kilogram, a person is able to purchase 20 kilograms less for Rs400. What is the increased price of rice per kilogram?

(i)Rs 5  (ii) Rs 6            (iii) Rs 10         (iv) Rs 4

Solution:

Arithmetic Method:

“25% increase in price” => Let x be the increased price per kilogram. As the price increase is 25%, for an original price of 4x there is an increase of x per kilogram.

“a person is able to purchase 20 kilograms less for Rs400” => for a Rs 400 worth rice there is a price hike of 20x.

Now compare the two statements:

For 400 he is loosing 20x due to price hike

For 4x there is an increase of x => for 5x he is loosing x

By proportion, 5x/400 = x/20x => x = 4

Algebraic Method:

Let x be original price per kilogram. With an increase of 25%, the new price per kilogram is 1.25x.

For Rs400, he could have purchased 400/x for the original price but he can purchase 400/1.25x now. The difference is 20 kilogram. => 400/x – 400/1.25x = 20

=> 1/x(1-1/1.25) = 20/400=1/20 =>1/x(1-4/5)=1/20 => x = 4

4.                  There is a 7-digit telephone number with all different digits. If the digit at extreme right and extreme left are 5 and 6 respectively, find how many such telephone numbers are possible?

(i)120   (ii) 100000       (iii) 6720          (iv) 30240

Solution:

There are 5 more digits are to be selected and arranged from 8 digits (0,1,2,3,4,7,8,9).

As this involves selection and arrangement, it is a nPr problem but not nCr.

8P5 = 8!/3! = 8*7*6*5*4 = 6720

5.                  A speaks the truth 3 out of 4 times, and B 5 out of 6 times. What is the probability that they will contradict each other in stating the same fact?

(i)2/3   (ii) 1/3 (iii) 5/6            (iv) 1/21

Solution:

Probability that A speaks truth = A = 3/4

Probability that A speaks false = A’ = 1-3/4 = 1/4

Probability that B speaks truth = B = 5/6

Probability that B speaks false = B’ = 1-5/6 = 1/6

Probability that they will contradict each other in stating the same fact = AB’+A’B

=3/4 * 1/6 + 1/4*5/6 = 8/24 = 1/3

6.                  A circle is inscribed inside an equilateral triangle touching all the three sides. If the radius of the circle is 2cm, then find the area of the triangle?

(i)15√3 (ii) 18√3           (iii) 12√2          (iv) 12√3

Solution:

It is an incircle. For an equilateral triangle incentre and centroid coincide. Centroid divides the median in the ration 2:1. AG:GD = 2:1. Given inradius is 2, which is nothing but GD.

GD = 2 => AG = 4 => AD = AG+GD = 6.

AD is height of the triangle. AD = h = 6

For an equilateral triangle height h = √3/2 a , where a is side

=> a = 2h/√3 = 12/√3

Area of triangle = ½*a*h = ½*12/√3*6 = 12√3

7.                  Three bells chime at intervals of 48,60 and 90 minutes respectively. If all the three bells chime together at 10 AM, at what time will all the three chime again that day?

(i)1 PM            (ii) 2 PM          (iii) 8 PM         (iv) 10 PM

Solution:

This is an LCM problem. The three bells chime together in a regularly interval of LCM of 48,60,90 ie., 720 minutes=12 Hrs. So after 10 AM, the next term will be at 10PM.

8.                  After striking the floor, a ball rebounds to 4/5^th of height from which it has fallen. Find the total distance that it travels before coming to rest if it has been gently dropped from a height of 120 meters?

(i)540(ii) 960   (iii) 1080          (iv) 1120

Solution:

After the drop, it travels down for h meters and rebounds back to 4h/5 and travels down 4h/5 and rebounds back 4/5(4h/5) etc...

The total distance it travels = h + 4h/5+ 4h/5+ 4/5(4h/5)+ 4/5(4h/5) + 4/5*4/5(4h/5)+...

S= h + 2*4h/5 + 2(4/5)(4h/5) + ....

= h + 2{4h/5 + 4/5(4h/5) + ....}

= h + 2(Sum of infinite GP with initial term 4h/5 and common ratio 4/5)

Formula: Sum of Infinite GP with initial term ‘a’ and common ratio ‘r’ is a/(1-r)

S = h + 2{(4h/5)/(1-4/5)}

= h + 8h = 9h = 9*120 = 1080

Note: two things required to solve this problem are,

first- deciding how much distances it travels before and after each rebound

second- formula for infinite GP.

9.                  A toy weighing 24 grams of an alloy of two metals is worth Rs174/-, but if the weights of the two metals be interchanged, the toy would be worth Rs 162/-. If the price of one metal be Rs 8 per gram, find the price of other metal used to make the toy?

(i)Rs 10/gram(ii) Rs 6/gram   (iii) Rs 4/gram (iv) Rs 5/gram

Solution:

Logic:

If the weight of one metal be A and per-gram-price be x and the weight of other metal be B and per-gram-price by y, then the total cost is Ax+By. If the weights are interchanged, the total cost becomes Ay+Bx. So here the point is if we add up both these expressions, it becomes Ax+By+Ay+Bx and be factored as (A+B)(x+y). As the total weight is given, it can be substituted in A+B and the problem can be easily solved.

Now let us do the problem:

The per-gram price of one metal is given as 8. So let x=8.

Total weight of alloy = A+B = 24

8A+By = 174;

yA+8B = 162;

add up the two equations=> 8A+By+yA+8B = 336 => 8(A+B)+y(A+B) = 336

=> (8+y)(A+B) = 336 => 8+y = 336/24 = 14 => y = 6

10.              Indira is three times older than Yogesh while Zaheer is half the age of Wahida. If Yogesh is older than Zaheer, then which of the following statements can be inferred?

(i)Yogesh is older than Wahida(ii) Indira is older than Wahida

(iii) Indira may be younger than Wahida       (iv) None of the above

Solution:

I = 3Y => I > Y;

Z = W/2 => W > Z;

Y > Z

One thing surely we can infer here is: I > Z. (as I > Y and Y > Z)

I > Z and W > Z: from these two statements, we can’t infer about relation b/w I and W.

W > Z and Y > Z: from these two statements, we can’t infer about relation b/w Y and  

None of the given statements can be inferred. Answer is (iv)

11.              Four sisters – Suvarna,Tara,Uma and Vibha are playing a game such that the looser doubles the money of each of the of the other players from her share.They played four games and each sister lost one game in alphabetical order. At the end of fourth game each sister had Rs.32. How much money did Suvarna start with?

(i)Rs. 60(ii) Rs. 34(iii) Rs. 66   (iv) Rs. 28

Solution:

I like this problem. It is based on logic.

At the end of four games, each had Rs.32 => total amount with all the four is 4*32 = 128

“The point is even if some money changes hands with the outcome of each game, the total money (Rs128) with all the four does not vary at any point”.

As the games were lost by the four sisters in alphabetical order, Suvarna lost the first game and after that in the remaining three games her money got doubled three times ie., “The point here is she lost only in the first game and from this point onwards, her money got multiplied 8 times after completion of the remaining 3 games”.

Let the money that Suvarna initially had with be ‘X’. So the total amount with all the other three sisters is 128-X before starting the first game. After first game, in which Suvarna lost, Suvarna must be left with X-(128-X) as she needed to give (128-X) to make double the amounts with the other three.

	Suvarna's money	Total Money with other three
At the start	X	128-X
After 1st game	X-(128-X) = 2X-128	2(28-X)
After 2nd game	2(2X-128)	Not required to find
After 3rd game	4(2X-128)	Not required to find
After 4th game	8(2X-128)	Not required to find

Finally the amount left with Suvarna is 8(2X-128). But it is given that at the end of four games, each had Rs.32. It means Suvarna ended up with Rs 32.

=> 8(2X-128) = 32 => X = 66

12.              It was Saturday on 17^th December, 1982. What will be the day on 22^nd December, 1984?

(i)Monday(ii) Tuesday(iii) Wednesday           (iv) Sunday

Solution:

Here we have to check for any leap years. 1984 is a leap year.

From 17^th December, 1982 to 16^th December,1983 => 365 days

From 17^th December, 1983 to 16^th December,1984 => 366 days as Feb’1984 has 29 days instead of 28

From 17^th December, 1984 to 22^nd December,1984 => 6 days

22^nd Dec’1984 is (365+366+6)h day counting from 17^th Dec’1982 => 737^th day

As  on week consists of 7 days, we want remainder when 737 is divided by 7 => it is 2

=> that means 22^nd Dec’1984 is 2^nd  day ahead of some weeks of gap counting from 17^th Dec’1982

=> if 17^th Dec’1982 is Saturday, 21^st Dec’1984 is Sunday and 22^nd Dec’1984 is Monday.

13.              One term in the following number series is not correct. 15,16,22,29,45,70

Find out the wrong term?

(i)16(ii) 22(iii) 45         (iv) 70

Solution:

Find out the consecutive differences:

=> 1,6,7,16,25

It seems like series of squares of consecutive numbers excepting 6 and 7. The difference 6 is from 22-16 and the difference 7 is from 29-22. Had it been 20 instead of 22 in the given series of numbers, the differences will be in the following way:

1,4,9,16,25. This is perfect. So the wrong number is 22.

14.              A man is facing west. He turns 45⁰ in the clockwise direction and another 180⁰ in the same direction and then 270⁰ in the anti-clockwise direction. Which direction is he facing now?

(i)South-West(ii) South(iii) North-West          (iv) West

Solution:

Let us represent clock-wise as negative and anti-clockwise as positive.

The total angle turns out to be = -45-180+270 = +45⁰

Originally he is facing West and the final turn-out angle is 45⁰ positive ie., 45⁰ anti-clockwise => 45⁰ towards South => the final position is : he is looking towards South-West.
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